在Go语言中，数组是一个具有特定长度的元素编号序列。在典型的Go代码中，切片（slice）更常见；数组在某些特殊场景下很有用。
In Go, an array is a numbered sequence of elements of a specific length. In typical Go code, slice are much more common; arrays are useful in some special scenarios.
下面我们创建一个能够存储5个int类型元素的数组a。元素的类型和长度都是数组类型的一部分。默认情况下，数组的值为零值，对于int类型来说就是0。
Here we create an array a that will hold exactly 5 ints. The type of elements and length are both part of the array’s type. By default an array is zero-valued, which for ints means 0s.
go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a [5]int
fmt.Println("emp:", a)
// emp: [0 0 0 0 0]
}package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a [5]int
fmt.Println("emp:", a)
// emp: [0 0 0 0 0]
}我们可以使用数组[index] = value的语法在特定索引位置设置值，并使用array[index]来获取值。
We can set a value at an index using the array[index] = value syntax, and get a value with array[index].
go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a [5]int
fmt.Println("emp:", a)
// emp: [0 0 0 0 0]
a[4] = 100
fmt.Println("set:", a)
// set: [0 0 0 0 100]
fmt.Println("get:", a[4])
// get: 100
}package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a [5]int
fmt.Println("emp:", a)
// emp: [0 0 0 0 0]
a[4] = 100
fmt.Println("set:", a)
// set: [0 0 0 0 100]
fmt.Println("get:", a[4])
// get: 100
}内置函数len返回数组的长度。
The builtin len returns the length of an array.
go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a [5]int
fmt.Println("emp:", a)
// emp: [0 0 0 0 0]
a[4] = 100
fmt.Println("set:", a)
// set: [0 0 0 0 100]
fmt.Println("get:", a[4])
// get: 100
fmt.Println("len:", len(a))
// len: 5
}package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a [5]int
fmt.Println("emp:", a)
// emp: [0 0 0 0 0]
a[4] = 100
fmt.Println("set:", a)
// set: [0 0 0 0 100]
fmt.Println("get:", a[4])
// get: 100
fmt.Println("len:", len(a))
// len: 5
}可以使用这种语法在一行中声明和初始化一个数组。
Use this syntax to declare and initialize an array in one line.
go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
b := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
fmt.Println("dcl:", b)
// dcl: [1 2 3 4 5]
}package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
b := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
fmt.Println("dcl:", b)
// dcl: [1 2 3 4 5]
}数组类型是一维的，但是你可以组合类型来构建多维数据结构。
Array types are one-dimensional, but you can compose types to build multi-dimensional data structures.
go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var towD [2][3]int
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
for j := 0; j < 3; j++ {
towD[i][j] = i + j
}
}
fmt.Println("2d: ", towD)
// 2d: [[0 1 2] [1 2 3]]
}package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var towD [2][3]int
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
for j := 0; j < 3; j++ {
towD[i][j] = i + j
}
}
fmt.Println("2d: ", towD)
// 2d: [[0 1 2] [1 2 3]]
}注意，使用fmt.Println打印数组时，数组会以[v1 v2 v3 ...]的形式显示。
Note that arrays appear in the form [v1 v2 v3 ...] when printed with fmt.Println.
运行
go
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a [5]int
fmt.Println("emp:", a)
a[4] = 100
fmt.Println("set:", a)
fmt.Println("get:", a[4])
fmt.Println("len:", len(a))
b := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
fmt.Println("dcl:", b)
var twoD [2][3]int
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
for j := 0; j < 3; j++ {
twoD[i][j] = i + j
}
}
fmt.Println("2d: ", twoD)
}package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var a [5]int
fmt.Println("emp:", a)
a[4] = 100
fmt.Println("set:", a)
fmt.Println("get:", a[4])
fmt.Println("len:", len(a))
b := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
fmt.Println("dcl:", b)
var twoD [2][3]int
for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
for j := 0; j < 3; j++ {
twoD[i][j] = i + j
}
}
fmt.Println("2d: ", twoD)
}bash
go run 08-arrays.go
# emp: [0 0 0 0 0]
# set: [0 0 0 0 100]
# get: 100
# len: 5
# dcl: [1 2 3 4 5]
# 2d: [[0 1 2] [1 2 3]]go run 08-arrays.go
# emp: [0 0 0 0 0]
# set: [0 0 0 0 100]
# get: 100
# len: 5
# dcl: [1 2 3 4 5]
# 2d: [[0 1 2] [1 2 3]]